11月4日, 2013 1,312 views次
本文来自网络一、使用如下代码将keywords+builtins+modules输出到文件
import sys
def stdoutToFile(filename, function, args ):
oldStdout = sys.stdout
f = open(filename, "w" )
sys.stdout = f
function(args)
#sys.stdout.flush()
#f.close()
sys.stdout = oldStdout
if __name__=='__main__':
print("modules")
stdoutToFile("modules.txt", help, "modules")
print("builtins")
stdoutToFile("builtins.txt", help, "builtins")
print("keywords")
stdoutToFile("keyword.txt", help, "keywords")
二、 keywords
help(“keywords”)
关键字：
Here is a list of the Python keywords. Enter any keyword to get more help. and elif import return as else in try assert except is while break finally lambda with class for not yield continue from or def global pass del if raise
三、 builtins
help(“builtins”)
内置类型：
builtin class
CLASSES
object
BaseException
Exception
ArithmeticError
FloatingPointError
OverflowError
ZeroDivisionError
AssertionError
AttributeError
BufferError
EOFError
EnvironmentError
IOError
OSError
WindowsError
ImportError
LookupError
IndexError
KeyError
MemoryError
NameError
UnboundLocalError
ReferenceError
RuntimeError
NotImplementedError
StopIteration
SyntaxError
IndentationError
TabError
SystemError
TypeError
ValueError
UnicodeError
UnicodeDecodeError
UnicodeEncodeError
UnicodeTranslateError
Warning
BytesWarning
DeprecationWarning
FutureWarning
ImportWarning
PendingDeprecationWarning
RuntimeWarning
SyntaxWarning
UnicodeWarning
UserWarning
GeneratorExit
KeyboardInterrupt
SystemExit
bytearray
bytes
classmethod
complex
dict
enumerate
filter
float
frozenset
int
bool
list
map
memoryview
property
range
reversed
set
slice
staticmethod
str
super
tuple
type
zip
内置函数：
FUNCTIONS
__build_class__(...)
__build_class__(func, name, *bases, metaclass=None, **kwds) -> class
Internal helper function used by the class statement.
__import__(...)
__import__(name, globals={}, locals={}, fromlist=[], level=-1) -> module
Import a module. The globals are only used to determine the context;
they are not modified. The locals are currently unused. The fromlist
should be a list of names to emulate ``from name import ...'', or an
empty list to emulate ``import name''.
When importing a module from a package, note that __import__('A.B', ...)
returns package A when fromlist is empty, but its submodule B when
fromlist is not empty. Level is used to determine whether to perform
absolute or relative imports. -1 is the original strategy of attempting
both absolute and relative imports, 0 is absolute, a positive number
is the number of parent directories to search relative to the current module.
abs(...)
abs(number) -> number
Return the absolute value of the argument.
all(...)
all(iterable) -> bool
Return True if bool(x) is True for all values x in the iterable.
any(...)
any(iterable) -> bool
Return True if bool(x) is True for any x in the iterable.
ascii(...)
ascii(object) -> string
As repr(), return a string containing a printable representation of an
object, but escape the non-ASCII characters in the string returned by
repr() using \x, \u or \U escapes. This generates a string similar
to that returned by repr() in Python 2.
bin(...)
bin(number) -> string
Return the binary representation of an integer or long integer.
chr(...)
chr(i) -> Unicode character
Return a Unicode string of one character with ordinal i; 0 <= i <= 0x10ffff.
If 0x10000 <= i, a surrogate pair is returned.
compile(...)
compile(source, filename, mode[, flags[, dont_inherit]]) -> code object
Compile the source string (a Python module, statement or expression)
into a code object that can be executed by exec() or eval().
The filename will be used for run-time error messages.
The mode must be 'exec' to compile a module, 'single' to compile a
single (interactive) statement, or 'eval' to compile an expression.
The flags argument, if present, controls which future statements influence
the compilation of the code.
The dont_inherit argument, if non-zero, stops the compilation inheriting
the effects of any future statements in effect in the code calling
compile; if absent or zero these statements do influence the compilation,
in addition to any features explicitly specified.
delattr(...)
delattr(object, name)
Delete a named attribute on an object; delattr(x, 'y') is equivalent to
``del x.y''.
dir(...)
dir([object]) -> list of strings
If called without an argument, return the names in the current scope.
Else, return an alphabetized list of names comprising (some of) the attributes
of the given object, and of attributes reachable from it.
If the object supplies a method named __dir__, it will be used; otherwise
the default dir() logic is used and returns:
for a module object: the module's attributes.
for a class object: its attributes, and recursively the attributes
of its bases.
for any other object: its attributes, its class's attributes, and
recursively the attributes of its class's base classes.
divmod(...)
divmod(x, y) -> (div, mod)
Return the tuple ((x-x%y)/y, x%y). Invariant: div*y + mod == x.
eval(...)
eval(source[, globals[, locals]]) -> value
Evaluate the source in the context of globals and locals.
The source may be a string representing a Python expression
or a code object as returned by compile().
The globals must be a dictionary and locals can be any mapping,
defaulting to the current globals and locals.
If only globals is given, locals defaults to it.
exec(...)
exec(object[, globals[, locals]])
Read and execute code from a object, which can be a string or a code
object.
The globals and locals are dictionaries, defaulting to the current
globals and locals. If only globals is given, locals defaults to it.
format(...)
format(value[, format_spec]) -> string
Returns value.__format__(format_spec)
format_spec defaults to ""
getattr(...)
getattr(object, name[, default]) -> value
Get a named attribute from an object; getattr(x, 'y') is equivalent to x.y.
When a default argument is given, it is returned when the attribute doesn't
exist; without it, an exception is raised in that case.
globals(...)
globals() -> dictionary
Return the dictionary containing the current scope's global variables.
hasattr(...)
hasattr(object, name) -> bool
Return whether the object has an attribute with the given name.
(This is done by calling getattr(object, name) and catching exceptions.)
hash(...)
hash(object) -> integer
Return a hash value for the object. Two objects with the same value have
the same hash value. The reverse is not necessarily true, but likely.
hex(...)
hex(number) -> string
Return the hexadecimal representation of an integer or long integer.
id(...)
id(object) -> integer
Return the identity of an object. This is guaranteed to be unique among
simultaneously existing objects. (Hint: it's the object's memory address.)
input(...)
input([prompt]) -> string
Read a string from standard input. The trailing newline is stripped.
If the user hits EOF (Unix: Ctl-D, Windows: Ctl-Z+Return), raise EOFError.
On Unix, GNU readline is used if enabled. The prompt string, if given,
is printed without a trailing newline before reading.
isinstance(...)
isinstance(object, class-or-type-or-tuple) -> bool
Return whether an object is an instance of a class or of a subclass thereof.
With a type as second argument, return whether that is the object's type.
The form using a tuple, isinstance(x, (A, B, ...)), is a shortcut for
isinstance(x, A) or isinstance(x, B) or ... (etc.).
issubclass(...)
issubclass(C, B) -> bool
Return whether class C is a subclass (i.e., a derived class) of class B.
When using a tuple as the second argument issubclass(X, (A, B, ...)),
is a shortcut for issubclass(X, A) or issubclass(X, B) or ... (etc.).
iter(...)
iter(iterable) -> iterator
iter(callable, sentinel) -> iterator
Get an iterator from an object. In the first form, the argument must
supply its own iterator, or be a sequence.
In the second form, the callable is called until it returns the sentinel.
len(...)
len(object) -> integer
Return the number of items of a sequence or mapping.
locals(...)
locals() -> dictionary
Update and return a dictionary containing the current scope's local variables.
max(...)
max(iterable[, key=func]) -> value
max(a, b, c, ...[, key=func]) -> value
With a single iterable argument, return its largest item.
With two or more arguments, return the largest argument.
min(...)
min(iterable[, key=func]) -> value
min(a, b, c, ...[, key=func]) -> value
With a single iterable argument, return its smallest item.
With two or more arguments, return the smallest argument.
next(...)
next(iterator[, default])
Return the next item from the iterator. If default is given and the iterator
is exhausted, it is returned instead of raising StopIteration.
oct(...)
oct(number) -> string
Return the octal representation of an integer or long integer.
open(...)
Open file and return a stream. Raise IOError upon failure.
file is either a text or byte string giving the name (and the path
if the file isn't in the current working directory) of the file to
be opened or an integer file descriptor of the file to be
wrapped. (If a file descriptor is given, it is closed when the
returned I/O object is closed, unless closefd is set to False.)
mode is an optional string that specifies the mode in which the file
is opened. It defaults to 'r' which means open for reading in text
mode. Other common values are 'w' for writing (truncating the file if
it already exists), and 'a' for appending (which on some Unix systems,
means that all writes append to the end of the file regardless of the
current seek position). In text mode, if encoding is not specified the
encoding used is platform dependent. (For reading and writing raw
bytes use binary mode and leave encoding unspecified.) The available
modes are:
========= ===============================================================
Character Meaning
--------- ---------------------------------------------------------------
'r' open for reading (default)
'w' open for writing, truncating the file first
'a' open for writing, appending to the end of the file if it exists
'b' binary mode
't' text mode (default)
'+' open a disk file for updating (reading and writing)
'U' universal newline mode (for backwards compatibility; unneeded
for new code)
========= ===============================================================
The default mode is 'rt' (open for reading text). For binary random
access, the mode 'w+b' opens and truncates the file to 0 bytes, while
'r+b' opens the file without truncation.
Python distinguishes between files opened in binary and text modes,
even when the underlying operating system doesn't. Files opened in
binary mode (appending 'b' to the mode argument) return contents as
bytes objects without any decoding. In text mode (the default, or when
't' is appended to the mode argument), the contents of the file are
returned as strings, the bytes having been first decoded using a
platform-dependent encoding or using the specified encoding if given.
buffering is an optional integer used to set the buffering policy. By
default full buffering is on. Pass 0 to switch buffering off (only
allowed in binary mode), 1 to set line buffering, and an integer > 1
for full buffering.
encoding is the name of the encoding used to decode or encode the
file. This should only be used in text mode. The default encoding is
platform dependent, but any encoding supported by Python can be
passed. See the codecs module for the list of supported encodings.
errors is an optional string that specifies how encoding errors are to
be handled---this argument should not be used in binary mode. Pass
'strict' to raise a ValueError exception if there is an encoding error
(the default of None has the same effect), or pass 'ignore' to ignore
errors. (Note that ignoring encoding errors can lead to data loss.)
See the documentation for codecs.register for a list of the permitted
encoding error strings.
newline controls how universal newlines works (it only applies to text
mode). It can be None, '', '\n', '\r', and '\r\n'. It works as
follows:
* On input, if newline is None, universal newlines mode is
enabled. Lines in the input can end in '\n', '\r', or '\r\n', and
these are translated into '\n' before being returned to the
caller. If it is '', universal newline mode is enabled, but line
endings are returned to the caller untranslated. If it has any of
the other legal values, input lines are only terminated by the given
string, and the line ending is returned to the caller untranslated.
* On output, if newline is None, any '\n' characters written are
translated to the system default line separator, os.linesep. If
newline is '', no translation takes place. If newline is any of the
other legal values, any '\n' characters written are translated to
the given string.
If closefd is False, the underlying file descriptor will be kept open
when the file is closed. This does not work when a file name is given
and must be True in that case.
open() returns a file object whose type depends on the mode, and
through which the standard file operations such as reading and writing
are performed. When open() is used to open a file in a text mode ('w',
'r', 'wt', 'rt', etc.), it returns a TextIOWrapper. When used to open
a file in a binary mode, the returned class varies: in read binary
mode, it returns a BufferedReader; in write binary and append binary
modes, it returns a BufferedWriter, and in read/write mode, it returns
a BufferedRandom.
It is also possible to use a string or bytearray as a file for both
reading and writing. For strings StringIO can be used like a file
opened in a text mode, and for bytes a BytesIO can be used like a file
opened in a binary mode.
ord(...)
ord(c) -> integer
Return the integer ordinal of a one-character string.
A valid surrogate pair is also accepted.
pow(...)
pow(x, y[, z]) -> number
With two arguments, equivalent to x**y. With three arguments,
equivalent to (x**y) % z, but may be more efficient (e.g. for longs).
print(...)
print(value, ..., sep=' ', end='\n', file=sys.stdout)
Prints the values to a stream, or to sys.stdout by default.
Optional keyword arguments:
file: a file-like object (stream); defaults to the current sys.stdout.
sep: string inserted between values, default a space.
end: string appended after the last value, default a newline.
repr(...)
repr(object) -> string
Return the canonical string representation of the object.
For most object types, eval(repr(object)) == object.
round(...)
round(number[, ndigits]) -> number
Round a number to a given precision in decimal digits (default 0 digits).
This returns an int when called with one argument, otherwise the
same type as the number. ndigits may be negative.
setattr(...)
setattr(object, name, value)
Set a named attribute on an object; setattr(x, 'y', v) is equivalent to
``x.y = v''.
sorted(...)
sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False) --> new sorted list
sum(...)
sum(iterable[, start]) -> value
Returns the sum of an iterable of numbers (NOT strings) plus the value
of parameter 'start' (which defaults to 0). When the iterable is
empty, returns start.
vars(...)
vars([object]) -> dictionary
Without arguments, equivalent to locals().
With an argument, equivalent to object.__dict__.
四、 modules
help(“modules”)
python安装后带有的modules：
Please wait a moment while I gather a list of all available modules... WConio base64 importlib shelve _WConio bdb inspect shlex __future__ binascii io shutil _abcoll binhex itertools signal _ast bisect json site _bisect build_class keyword smtpd _codecs builtins lib2to3 smtplib _codecs_cn bz2 linecache sndhdr _codecs_hk cProfile locale socket _codecs_iso2022 calendar logging socketserver _codecs_jp cgi macpath sqlite3 _codecs_kr cgitb macurl2path sre_compile _codecs_tw chunk mailbox sre_constants _collections cmath mailcap sre_parse _compat_pickle cmd marshal ssl _csv code math stat _ctypes codecs mimetypes stdredirect _ctypes_test codeop mmap string _dummy_thread collections modulefinder stringprep _elementtree colorsys msilib struct _functools compileall msvcrt subprocess _hashlib configparser multiprocessing sunau _heapq contextlib netrc symbol _io copy nntplib symtable _json copyreg nt sys _locale csv ntpath tabnanny _lsprof ctypes nturl2path tarfile _markupbase curses numbers telnetlib _md5 datetime opcode tempfile _msi dbm operator test _multibytecodec decimal optparse textwrap _multiprocessing difflib os this _pickle dis os2emxpath thread _pyio distutils parser threading _random doctest pdb time _sha1 dummy_threading pickle timeit _sha256 email pickletools tkinter _sha512 encodings pipes token _socket errno pkgutil tokenize _sqlite3 filecmp platform trace _sre fileinput plistlib traceback _ssl fnmatch poplib tty _strptime formatter posixpath turtle _struct fractions pprint types _subprocess ftplib profile unicodedata _symtable functools pstats unittest _testcapi gc pty urllib _thread genericpath py_compile uu _threading_local getopt pyclbr uuid _tkinter getpass pydoc warnings _warnings gettext pydoc_data wave _weakref glob pyexpat weakref _weakrefset gzip pythontips webbrowser abc hashlib queue winreg activestate heapq quopri winsound aifc hmac random wsgiref antigravity html re xdrlib array http reprlib xml ast httplib2 rlcompleter xmlrpc asynchat idlelib rpyc xxsubtype asyncore imaplib runpy zipfile atexit imghdr sched zipimport audioop imp select zlib Enter any module name to get more help. Or, type "modules spam" to search for modules whose descriptions contain the word "spam".
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